
. . . .
LASER :
Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Light Amplification Stimulated Emission Radiation. 1917 stimulated emission 1960 T.H. Maiman Ruby laser.
100 100 ߡ . . .

ɡ ground state excited state. .
.
( ) .
Absorbing Energy
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. .
.
().
. () .
( ) .
.
light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation .
. pumping . . population inversion .
.
.
( ) . .

( )
:
monochromatic . .
coherent .
directional .
stimulated emission .
. ѡ light amplification. 100% .
ruby laser .

ɡ . He-Ne . :
solid-state laser ruby neodymium:yttrium-aluminum TAG .
Gas laser .
Excimer laser .
Dye laser rhodamine 6G .
Semiconductorlaser .

694nm .
(nm)
Argon fluoride (UV)
193
Krypton fluoride (UV)
248
Xenon chloride (UV)
308
Nitrogen (UV)
337
Argon (blue)
488
Argon (green)
514
Helium neon (green)
543
Helium neon (red)
633
Rhodamine 6G dye (tunable)
570-650
Ruby (CrAlO3) (red)
694
Nd:Yag (NIR)
1064
Carbon dioxide (FIR)
10600
. .

Class I .
Class IA 4mW.
Class II 1mW.
Class IIIA 1-5mW . .
Class IIIB .
Class IV 500mW 10 J/cm2
