1591 .
1665
Cell .
.
Tissue Culture
Micromanipulator
.
Phase Contrast Microscope
X- ray Diffraction Microscope
Ultraviolet Fluorescent Microscope
.
Electron Microscope
.
.
10.000 200.000 .
Protoplasm =
=
.
:
1. .
2. .
3. .
Organic Substances =
9-10 %
=
. Carbohydrates =
1. .
2. 1:2 .
3.
4. Mono Saccharides
5. Disaccharides
.
6. Polysacchrides
.
7. .
. Lipids or Fats
1. .
2.
3.
4. Fatty Acids
Glycerine .
5. .
. Ptoteins
1. .
2. :
.
3. Amino Acids .
4. .
.
5. :
.
. Nucleic Acids
1. .
2. Nucleotides .
3.
4. =
+ Deoxyribonucleic Acids ( D.N.A ) .
+ Ribonucleic Acids ( R.N.A ) .
5. ( D.N.A ) ( R.N.A )
.
6.
.
Inorganic Substances
1. .
2. .
3. :
.
4. : .
5.
.
Water
1. 10 90 %
.
2. .
3. .
4.
.
5. .
6.
.
*
=
Crystalloids .
Colloids .
Emulsoid .
.
Suspensoids
.
.
Brownian Movement
Reversible Solation and Gelation =
1. .
2.
.
3.
4. Gel Phase
Sol Phase .
5. .
6. ( < = > )
.
7.
.
8.
.
9.
.
1. =
Nucleoplasm .
Cytoplasm .
2. Nuclear Membrane .
3. Plasmalemma or Cell Membrane
4. Cytoplasmic
Organelles .
5. Metaplasm
or Deutoplasm .
6. =
.
.
.
7. =
.
.
.
:
.
The Cell Membrane =
. Structure =
.
.
.
. Molecular Organization =
1. .
2.
.
3. 1954
.
4.
.
. Functions =
1.
Permeability .
2.
.
3.
.
4.
.
=
.
.
. Cellular Permeability and Cellular
Metabolism =
=
1.
.
1 =
.
2 =
.
3 =
.
2.
.
1 =
.
2 =
***
.
. Lysis of Cell Membrane =
.
.
.
.
The Endoplasmic Recticulum and The
Ribosomes =
. =
1945
Hyaloplasm
Endoplasmic Recticulum .
.
. =
1.
.
2. Cisternae
.
3.
.
Cytoplasmic Matrix
4. =
. .
. .
Granular or Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum =
1. .
2.
( ) ( R N P ) Ribonucleoprotein Particles
Ribosomes .
3.
.
4. .
.
5.
Intracisternal
Inclusions .
Agranular or Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
1. .
2.
.
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